Timeline of Napoleon Bonaparte :: essays research papers

August 5, 1769 Napoleon Bonaparte is born. His original name was Napoleone Buonaparte in Corsican, but in French it became Napoleon Bonaparte.January 1, 1779 At the suppurate of nine Napoleons father sends him to the college dAutun with his brother Joseph.May 15, 1779 Later that year, his father sent him to a French military academy at Brienne-le-Chateau, unaired Troyes. At the academy, Napoleon excelled in mathematics.October 1784 Napoleon moderates Brienne and joins the Royal Military School in Paris. While there, he was constantly teased by the French students because he never joined in games, instead keeping to himself.October 28, 1785 Napoleon had studied to be an artilleryman and an officer. Graduating in 1785, Napoleon received a commission as a second lieutenant in the artillery. Once Napoleon reached the age of 16, he joined the French army.September 15, 1786 Napoleon returns to Corsica after receiving a leave of absence from the military, to return home and visit family. September 12, 1787 Napoleon returns from Corsica, knowing he overstayed his leave of absence for five and a half months because of the French revolution. He realizes he had to leave.September 1789 Napoleon has his third visit to Corsica. The French revolution swept through the country.February 12, 1791 Finally returns to Auxonne.September 1791 Napoleon becomes First Lieutenant for his justice in leadership and artillery.June 1792 Napoleon joined a radical political society called the Jacobins, who wanted to make France a democratic republic. This membership brought Napoleon into a conflict with the governor of Corsica, Pasquale Paoli. Paoli was a royalist, a supporter of the French monarchy, and in 1792, France went to war with Austria.January, 1793 The French King, Louis XVI was executed and Napoleon returned to the French Army.June 11, 1793 A contention with Paoli, the mayor of Corsica, starts and the Napoleons family was forced to leave the island.June 13, 1793 Napoleons family successfully arrives in Toulon.June 20, 1793 Robespierre and other Jacobins took over the government in June 1793 and began the Reign of Terror. French cities revolted against his government.December 1793 Napoleon successfully defeats the British ships at Toulon. At the age of 24, he became army general in charge of the Army of Italy.July 29, 1794 Robespierre is executed on the July of 1794 during the Thermidorian Reaction. In August, Napoleon is imprisoned for about a week. Napoleon is soon released because of his personal connections.June 13, 1795 After only two years of being Army world-wide of Italy.

Inherit The Wind Essay -- English Literature Essays

Inherit The WindRachels Quest for independence I think Rachel was looking for the ways for her independence and willing to protect Bert during the trial. Rachel believed that Bert was innocent. Rachel was in lovemaking with Bert, she knew that Bert was not a criminal and she wanted him to confess the court and the towns people that he had done wrong, and it was all a joke and he was sorry for that. Rachel said to Bert, Bert, why dont you tell em it was all a joke? Tell em you didnt mean to transformation a law, and you wont do it again. This clearly shows that she was worried about him and wanted to help him. But she knew that what he had done was bad. And she was also quite accredited that he would not win the trial against the mayor. Her father was a powerful man. The townspeople liked him and appreciated what he had done and was doing for them. Rachel soon found that she could not convince him to confess because he did not believe that he had done something wrong. As all he had told the pupils were the quotations from the book Hunters Civic biota and from Chapter 17, Darwins origin of species. He learned from the books, That man was not stuck here like a geranium in a flower pot that living comes from a long miracle, it didnt just happen in seven days. All this shows that his thoughts and ideas were based on scientific facts, but her father only trusted the Bible. Rachel has been unendingly scared of her father. When she was little she used to have bad dreams. She ...

Consciousness Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

ConsciousnessTo define such a universally see phenomena as consciousness may seem on the most superficial level rather unnecessary. Yet a more scientific, and at times philosophical, investigating into the phenomena demands some sort of confirmed interpretation which supercedes any such common understanding. For our purposes the content of consciousness may be deemed those things of which one is aware and thus spate report. Thinking, as well, and the higher-level mechanisms associated there in may also be components of this consciousness. While additionally an individuals conception that the way in which she experiences the world comes from more than just the nervous activity of her brain can be understood as a contribution of said consciousness (2). In his Consciousness and Neuroscience, Francis Crick and Christof Koch searched for the active neuronic processes in ones head which correlate with consciousness. This well articulated investigation into the neuronal correlate of co nsciousness (NCC) utilizes the nature of the visual representation to explore what they hypothesize to be a basic common mechanism, or number of mechanisms, which may account for consciousness (1). Crick and Koch introduces the argument that to be aware of an object or event, the brain has to fabricate a multilevel, explicit, symbolic interpretation of part of the visual scene. Certainly the neuronal activity resulting from the varied patterns of light falling on ones photoreceptors does not solo explain the extent of visual experiences which one may conceive. Indeed the impression of completeness of any given perception proves largely false. Rather, the vivid scene has been made-up by the brain, constructed pop of aware... ...n perceives it. Web Sources1)Consciousness and Neurosceince http//www.klab.caltech.edu/koch/crick-koch-cc-97.html2)Scientific Studies of Consciousness http//www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/psychology/cogsci/kcave/Psy115A/consciouc.%20html3)Notes and Suggestions tow ards A Theory of Consciousness http//www.culture.com.au/brain_proj/hyp-cons.htm4)An Introduction to the Physiology of Ordinary Consciousness http//www.culture.com.au/brain_proj/physiol.htm5)Does Consciousness Exist? http//www.culture.com.au/brain_proj/vaidya.htm6)NEUROSCIENCE http//www.bakery.demon.co.uk/SPECIAL/02_00.html7)NEUROSCIENCE - Specific humor Regions http//www.bakery.demon.co.uk/SPECIAL/02_14.html8)Serendip - Exploring the Consciousness Problem an error occurred while processing this directive http//serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/consciousness/

Gene Manipulation Essay -- essays research papers fc

Throughout time, man has always questioned science. Man has been curious some life,space, our bodies, and our exis hug drugce. Man has gone as far as to the moon, and cloning.Everyday thither are new developments being researched. Along with these developmentscome the peoples opinion. many another(prenominal) people question the positive outcomes and negativeoutcomes of procedures such as gene role, cloning, in vitro fertilization andfetal tissue implants. To this day, scientists are researching and developing ways todesign their children by selecting their sex, height, intelligence, and color of eyes.People question the morality of gene manipulation. Is it office to design our children?What are the consequences? The practice of gene manipulation is seen asFrankenstein-ish, but it is solely to benefit all humans with longer and healthier lives.Gene manipulation is able to screen disorders of the fetus, prevent diseases fromoccurring to the following generations and allows pare nts to design their children.Prenatal testing is a very common procedure that is done . Nine out of ten pregnantwomen submit to some type of prenatal screening. (Golden) Dominant disorders such asDown Syndrome, which is a form of retardation, can be detected from a fetus. Since1996, gene therapy has been the cure for patients suffering from a genetic disease. This isdone by slipping a healthy gene in the cells of one organ of the patient. (Begley) Parentsof this fetus can then decide on the procedures that will be done on their baby to curehim/her. Not only will the parents of the baby sic for the surgeries but they canprepare themselves emotionally. This is helpful because during labor the parents will notbe in shock when told that their child has complications. Older pregnant women whousually entertain more complications during pregnancy benefit from genetic screening.Doctors usually recommend more invasive procedures in which actual fetal cells arecollected from the wombs amnio tic fluid or placenta . (Golden) Receiving the resultsfrom the tests, she can determine whether it is safe for her to continue with thepregnancy, especially since some tests provide accuracy as high as cardinal percent.(Golden) Unfortunately, not all test results come out positive. Approximately ninety-fivepercent of couples who receive bad news from genetic scr... ...nsequences,especially because of genetic screening. Many people may not be prepared to know norprepared to want to know about the negative results of the tests. Should we then beignorant about the situation and pretend not to know? Ignorance is not bliss. The morewe know about curing people, the closer we get to improving our society. It may not choke now, but it will real soon.Works CitedBegley, Sharon. source Babies. Time Magazine 9 Nov 1998Frantz, Elizabeth. The Hunt for the Ultimate Cure. Time Magazine 11 Jan 1999Golden, Frederic. Good Eggs, abominable Eggs. Time Magazine 11 Jan 1999Grunewald, Peter. Genetic En gineering and Medicine. Liebenzell ArbeitskreisFurernahrungs forschung 1994.Joyce, Christopher. Special Delivery. USA Weekend 14-16 May 1999Kalb, Claudia. Our Quest to Be Perfect. Newsweek 9 Aug 1999Lemonick, Michael. Designer Babies Time Magazine 1999Prenatal Care httpw-cpc.org./pregnancy/testing.html.Toriello, Helga, Ph.D. It Happened Once-Will It Happen Again? A HeartbreakingChoice Fall 1994Wright, Robert. Who Gets The Good Genes? Time Magazine 11 Jan 1999

Caring for An Angina Patient Essay -- Nursing Essays

Nurses play a very important role in managing a unhurried from the moment of his rise to power up to making a discharge plan. Each part of the nursing process is vital to the wellbeing of the mortal he is taking care of. clinical reasoning is always essential in each part of the nursing process from assessment, setting up goals and intervention. useful nursing management is done when a keep looks for the early and right cues at the right patient and implementing it at the right time. This undertake will grok deeper into the case of Rob Geis, a patient who was suffering from angina, given his history and the signs and symptoms he experienced up to the time when his condition worsened to Myocardial Infarction. This essay will also look into how the nurse should provide effective nursing care to the patient with this condition. Etiology and Pathophysiology of AnginaAngina is pain felt in the actors assistant area as a result of lack of inadequate supply to the myocardium (Be tter Health Channel, 2013) Atherosclerosis or the hardening and narrowing of arteries caused by the build-up of plaques, the short supply of group O and its increasing penury are some of the factors that can cause ischemia in the myocardium (Lewis et al., 2012). When there is a total blockage of the coronary thrombosis arteries for a few minutes, the myocardium cannot receive oxygen and glucose for aerobic metabolism thus anaerobic metabolism occurs (Lewis et al., 2012). The lactic acid builds up and stimulates the nerve fibres in the myocardium resulting to chest pain (Lewis et al., 2012). The cells are repaired and the aerobic metabolism and the contractility of the arteries are restored when there is return of blood flow (Lewis et al., 2012)Subjective and Objectiv... ....). New South Wales Elsevier Australia.MedlinePlus. (2010). Atenolol. Retrieved April 4, 2014, from http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a684031.htmlRull, G. (2011). Cardiogenic Shock. Ret rieved April, 2014, from http//www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Cardiogenic-Shock.htmSmeltzer, S., Bare, B., Farrell, M., & Dempsey, J. (2011). Smeltzer & Bares Textbook of Medical-Surgical treat (2nd Australian and New Zealand edition ed. Vol. 1) Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pty Ltd.WebMD. (2012). Electrocardiogram. Retrieved April 1, 2014, from http//www.webmd.com/heart-disease/ electrocardiogramWilliams, B. R., Lewis, D. R., Burgio, K. L., & Goode, P. S. (2012). Next-of-Kins Perceptions of How Hospital Nursing Staff Support Family Presence Before, During, and After the Death of a Loved One. Journal of Hospice and alleviatory Nursing, 14(8), 541-550. Caring for An Angina Patient Essay -- Nursing EssaysNurses play a very important role in managing a patient from the moment of his admission up to making a discharge plan. Each part of the nursing process is vital to the wellbeing of the person he is taking care of. Clinical reasoning is always essential in each part o f the nursing process from assessment, setting up goals and intervention. Effective nursing management is done when a nurse looks for the early and right cues at the right patient and implementing it at the right time. This essay will delve deeper into the case of Rob Geis, a patient who was suffering from angina, given his history and the signs and symptoms he experienced up to the time when his condition worsened to Myocardial Infarction. This essay will also look into how the nurse should provide effective nursing care to the patient with this condition. Etiology and Pathophysiology of AnginaAngina is pain felt in the chest area as a result of lack of inadequate supply to the myocardium (Better Health Channel, 2013) Atherosclerosis or the hardening and narrowing of arteries caused by the build-up of plaques, the insufficient supply of oxygen and its increasing demand are some of the factors that can cause ischemia in the myocardium (Lewis et al., 2012). When there is a total blockage of the coronary arteries for a few minutes, the myocardium cannot receive oxygen and glucose for aerobic metabolism thus anaerobic metabolism occurs (Lewis et al., 2012). The lactic acid builds up and stimulates the nerve fibres in the myocardium resulting to chest pain (Lewis et al., 2012). The cells are repaired and the aerobic metabolism and the contractility of the arteries are restored when there is return of blood flow (Lewis et al., 2012)Subjective and Objectiv... ....). New South Wales Elsevier Australia.MedlinePlus. (2010). Atenolol. Retrieved April 4, 2014, from http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a684031.htmlRull, G. (2011). Cardiogenic Shock. Retrieved April, 2014, from http//www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Cardiogenic-Shock.htmSmeltzer, S., Bare, B., Farrell, M., & Dempsey, J. (2011). Smeltzer & Bares Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (2nd Australian and New Zealand edition ed. Vol. 1) Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pty Ltd.WebMD. (2012). Electroc ardiogram. Retrieved April 1, 2014, from http//www.webmd.com/heart-disease/electrocardiogramWilliams, B. R., Lewis, D. R., Burgio, K. L., & Goode, P. S. (2012). Next-of-Kins Perceptions of How Hospital Nursing Staff Support Family Presence Before, During, and After the Death of a Loved One. Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing, 14(8), 541-550.

Caring for An Angina Patient Essay -- Nursing Essays

Nurses play a very important role in managing a diligent from the moment of his entrance up to making a discharge plan. Each part of the nursing process is vital to the wellbeing of the somebody he is taking care of. clinical reasoning is always essential in each part of the nursing process from assessment, setting up goals and intervention. impelling nursing management is done when a suckle looks for the early and right cues at the right patient and implementing it at the right time. This analyze will take deeper into the case of Rob Geis, a patient who was suffering from angina, given his history and the signs and symptoms he experienced up to the time when his condition worsened to Myocardial Infarction. This essay will also look into how the nurse should provide effective nursing care to the patient with this condition. Etiology and Pathophysiology of AnginaAngina is pain felt in the white meat area as a result of lack of inadequate supply to the myocardium (Better Hea lth Channel, 2013) Atherosclerosis or the hardening and narrowing of arteries caused by the build-up of plaques, the scrimpy supply of type O and its increasing affect are some of the factors that can cause ischemia in the myocardium (Lewis et al., 2012). When there is a total blockage of the coronary thrombosis arteries for a few minutes, the myocardium cannot receive oxygen and glucose for aerobic metabolic process thus anaerobic metabolism occurs (Lewis et al., 2012). The lactic acid builds up and stimulates the nerve fibres in the myocardium resulting to chest pain (Lewis et al., 2012). The cells are repaired and the aerobic metabolism and the contractility of the arteries are restored when there is return of blood flow (Lewis et al., 2012)Subjective and Objectiv... ....). New South Wales Elsevier Australia.MedlinePlus. (2010). Atenolol. Retrieved April 4, 2014, from http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a684031.htmlRull, G. (2011). Cardiogenic Shock. Retri eved April, 2014, from http//www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Cardiogenic-Shock.htmSmeltzer, S., Bare, B., Farrell, M., & Dempsey, J. (2011). Smeltzer & Bares Textbook of Medical-Surgical treat (2nd Australian and New Zealand edition ed. Vol. 1) Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pty Ltd.WebMD. (2012). Electrocardiogram. Retrieved April 1, 2014, from http//www.webmd.com/heart-disease/cardiogramWilliams, B. R., Lewis, D. R., Burgio, K. L., & Goode, P. S. (2012). Next-of-Kins Perceptions of How Hospital Nursing Staff Support Family Presence Before, During, and After the Death of a Loved One. Journal of Hospice and lenitive Nursing, 14(8), 541-550. Caring for An Angina Patient Essay -- Nursing EssaysNurses play a very important role in managing a patient from the moment of his admission up to making a discharge plan. Each part of the nursing process is vital to the wellbeing of the person he is taking care of. Clinical reasoning is always essential in each part of the nursing process from assessment, setting up goals and intervention. Effective nursing management is done when a nurse looks for the early and right cues at the right patient and implementing it at the right time. This essay will delve deeper into the case of Rob Geis, a patient who was suffering from angina, given his history and the signs and symptoms he experienced up to the time when his condition worsened to Myocardial Infarction. This essay will also look into how the nurse should provide effective nursing care to the patient with this condition. Etiology and Pathophysiology of AnginaAngina is pain felt in the chest area as a result of lack of inadequate supply to the myocardium (Better Health Channel, 2013) Atherosclerosis or the hardening and narrowing of arteries caused by the build-up of plaques, the insufficient supply of oxygen and its increasing demand are some of the factors that can cause ischemia in the myocardium (Lewis et al., 2012). When there is a total blockage of t he coronary arteries for a few minutes, the myocardium cannot receive oxygen and glucose for aerobic metabolism thus anaerobic metabolism occurs (Lewis et al., 2012). The lactic acid builds up and stimulates the nerve fibres in the myocardium resulting to chest pain (Lewis et al., 2012). The cells are repaired and the aerobic metabolism and the contractility of the arteries are restored when there is return of blood flow (Lewis et al., 2012)Subjective and Objectiv... ....). New South Wales Elsevier Australia.MedlinePlus. (2010). Atenolol. Retrieved April 4, 2014, from http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a684031.htmlRull, G. (2011). Cardiogenic Shock. Retrieved April, 2014, from http//www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Cardiogenic-Shock.htmSmeltzer, S., Bare, B., Farrell, M., & Dempsey, J. (2011). Smeltzer & Bares Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (2nd Australian and New Zealand edition ed. Vol. 1) Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pty Ltd.WebMD. (2012). Electrocardiogram. Retrieved April 1, 2014, from http//www.webmd.com/heart-disease/electrocardiogramWilliams, B. R., Lewis, D. R., Burgio, K. L., & Goode, P. S. (2012). Next-of-Kins Perceptions of How Hospital Nursing Staff Support Family Presence Before, During, and After the Death of a Loved One. Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing, 14(8), 541-550.

Quality of Work Life Essay

Employees at any level many time experience a sense of defeat be mystify low level of wages, poor working conditions, unfavour commensurate terms of employment, in benevolent treatement by their superiors & the like whereas managerial personnel feel frustrated because of alienation e preciseplace their condition of employment , interpersonal conflicts, role conflicts, Job pressure , lack of freedom , absence of challenging work, etc. QWL means different things to different multitude, J. Richard & J.Loy fructify QWL as the degree to which members of a work administration are able to satisfy mportant personnel needs with their experience in the organization. In the reckon for improved productivity, manager & executives alike are discovering the important contribution of QWL. Hackman & suttle describe QWL from varied viewpoints. From a professional view point , it refers to industrial democracy, summation workewrs engagement in corporate decision making , or culmination of th e goals of human realations.In terms of management perspective, it relates to a variety of efforts to improve productivity through improvements in the human , rather than he capital or technological inputs of production. From standpoint of the characteristics of individual workers , it refers to the degree to which members of a work organization are able to satisfy important personal needs through their experience in the organization. From the unions, perspective , it is a more equitable sharing of the income and resources of the work of organization, and more human & healthier working conditions.DIMENSIONS OF STUDY Quality of work life improvement are defined as any activity which takes place at very level of organization which seeks greater organizational effectiveness through enhancement of human dignity and growth a process through which the stockholders in the organization management, union and employees- learn how to work together to better to determine for themselves what ac tions, changes & improvements are desirable and workable in order to achive twin & simultaneous goals of an improve reference of life at work for all members of organization & greater effectiveness for the company and unions.Trade union claim that they are responsible for the improvements in conglomerate facilities to workers hereas management takes credit for improved salaries, benefits & facilities. However, HR manager has identified specific issues in QWL. Klott Mundick& Schuster suggested major QWL issues. They are (1) Pay & Employment on permanent buttocks Good put up still dominates most of the opposite factors in employee satisfaction. Various alternative means for providing wages should be developed in view of increase in cost of living index , increase in levels & rates of income tax & profession tax.QWL must be build around an equitable pay programs . in uture more workers may want to participate in the profits of the firm. Employment of workers on casual, temporary, probationary basis gives them sense of insecurity. On the other eliminate , employment on the other basis gives them security & leads to higher order QWL. (2) Occupational Stress Stress is a condition of strain on superstars emotions, thought process physical condition . stress is determined by the workers abilities & nature and match with the Job requirements.Stress is cause due irritability, whirl prestigious surname to the Jobs, providing well furnish amp decent work places, offering membership in clubs or association , providing vehicles, offering vacation trips, or means to recognize the employees hyper- excitation or depression unstable behaviour, fatigue, stuttering, trembling psychometric pains, heavy smoking & drug abuse. Stress adversely effects on employees productivity. The HR manager, in order to minimize the stress has to identifiy, prevent tackle the occupation.He may arrange the treatment of problem with the health unit or provide some stress buster activities during the hectic work schedule. 3) Organizational Health programs Organizational health programs aim at educating employees about health problems means of maintaining improving health etc. These programme covers drinking and smoking cessation ( if it is affecting the productivity of employee ) , hypertension control , other forms of cardiovascular risk reduction, family planning etc.Effective implementation of these progrme results in reduction in absenteeism, hospitalization ,disability, excessive Job deliberateover premature death. It should in like manner covers relaxation, physical exercise , diet control etc. 4) Alternative work schedule Alternative work schedule including work at home , whippy working hours, staggered hours , and reduced work week, part time employment which may be introduced for the convenience comfort of the workers as the work schedule which offers the individual the leisure time , flexible hours of work is preferred. 5) Participative Management control of work Trade unions and workers participation in management and decision making improves QWL . workers also feel that they set about control their work, use their skills make a real contribution to the Job if they re allowed to participate in creative and decision making process. (6) Recognition recognizing the employee as a human being rather than as a labourer increases the QWL .Participative management , awarding the rewarding systems , congratulating the employees for their achievement , Job enrichment, offering prestigious designation to the Jobs, providing well furnish and decent work places,offering membership in club or associations , providing vehicles , offering vacation trips, or some means to recognize the employees . (7) agreeable Worker- supervisor Relation Harmonious supervisor- worker relations give the worker essence of social association , belongingness, achievement of worker results etc. This in turn led to better QWL. 8) Grievance procedure worker s have a sence of fair treatement when the company gives them opportunity to ventilate their grievances and represent their case succinctly rather than subsiding the problems arbitrarily. (9) Adequacy of resources Resources should match with stated objective otherwise , employee will not be able to attain them . This results in the employee dissatisfaction and lower QWL. 10) Seniority merit in promotions seniority is generally taken as the basis of promotion in case of operating employees .Merit is considered as the basis for advancement for managerial people whereas seniority cum- merit is preferred for promotion of ministerial employees. The promotional policies activities should be fair 7 Just in order to ensure higher QWL. (11) eudaimonia Benefits Since workers are now better organized , educated vociferous, they demand social security welfare benefits as a matter of right which were once considered a part of bargaining process.

Environmental scanning Essay

International PlayersCement and Lafarge Birla Cement, the Indian cementumumum industry is broadly home-grown. Ultratech Cement, the countrys largest firm in terms of cement capacity, holds around 22% of the domestic marketplace, with ACC (50%-owned by Holcim) and Ambuja (50%-owned by Holcim) having 15% and 13% shargons respectively.M whatever of the remaining dozen top players are Indian and are (in order of diminishing market share) Jaiprakash Associates (10%), The India CementsLtd (7%), Shree Cements (6%), Century Textiles and Industries (5%), Madras Cements (5%), Lafarge (5%), Birla Cement (4%) and Binani Cement (4%). Between them the top 12 cement firms harbour around 70% of the domestic market. Around 100 smaller players farm and grind cement on a wide range of scales but are often confined to small areasEconomic surrounds wallopon Cement Industry Currently, the industry is on the boom, with a lot of government infrastructure and housing disgorges under construction. In spi te of seeing a fall during 2008-09, the export segment of the industry is expected to grow again on account of various infrastructure projects that are being taken up all over the world and numerous outstanding cement plants coming up in near future in the country. Over time much sophisticated and refined methodologies in connection with longer time series were employed to train productivity change. The contribution of total f flakeor productivity to fruitgrowth was of primary interest to explain the continuously low economic development. During that time, labor productivity as well as capital availability and affair affixd considerably, while the overall growth rate of the economy stagnated at low levels Concerned about the efficiency of resource use researchers started investigating productivity growth and input factor substitutions for aggregate manufacturing as well as various industriesAmbuja Cements ECONOMIC CONDITION Its financial statements i.e balance cruise and pro fit and loss, profits are increasing every twelvemonth and its share price is excessively high as compared to other cement industries and its assets are also emergenced. It means that its financial position is very strong as compared to others. From here we can psychoanalyze that its profits are increasing year by year and it means that they are providing more to GPI,with this our NPI will also be increase and overall position of country will be better. From here we can analyse that if industry position is strong then our countrys position will also be strong. It means it is beneficial for the state and country.Social Environments impacton industry Usually, the cement industry in India consists of both the organized sector and the unorganized sector. Organized sector comprises of the well-known cement manufacturing companies while the main players of the unorganized sector are the regional and local cement-producing units in various states across the state. Indian consumers prefe r buying branded cement worry ULTRATECH, JAYPEE CEMENT, LAFARGE CEMENT etc. It has been seen in the past, as well, that mini cement plants with lowbrand value and image are not able to croak against the cement giants. With a population of more than 100 billion people, it is expected that cement industry will create another 25 lakhs jobs in the future(a) 4-5 years.Ambuja Cements Social Impact This especial(a) union is totally different from. On this case they really back uped by doing lot of social work like they putting off various health centres for the poor people and provide Monetary help also to some reason. They also helped by providing education facilities to poor people like books etc. Not only this they are also providing good quality products that doesnt harm any kind of injuries to the people while they are using it. The Company strives to provide a safe and healthy work environment for its employees and to avoid adverse impact and injury to the environment and comm unities in which the company conducts its stock. The commitment is reflected in the number of awards the Company has received including National Award for outstanding pollution control. The awareness and training programme on health and safe related issues should be conducted regularly. All the employees, and directors shall comply with all applicable laws and regulations relating to health and safety so as to ensure healthy and safe work environment. exploitation or being under the influence of illegal drugs and alcohol on the job is absolutely prohibited.POLITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL F act uponORSAFFECTING THE INDUSTRY The price of cement is primarily controlled by the coal rates, power tariffs, railway tariffs, freight, royalty and cess on limestone. Interestingly, government controls all of these prices. Government is also one of the biggest consumers of the cement in the country. Govt. of India plans to increase its investment in infrastructure to US $ 1 trillion in the TwelfthFi ve Year Plan (2012-17) will lead to increase in the demand of cement. base of operations projects such as the dedicated freight corridors, upgraded new airports and ports are expected to enhance the scale ofeconomic activity, leading to a substantial increase in cement demand furthermore. Most state governments, in order to attract investments in their respective states, offer Fiscal incentives in the form of sales tax exemptions/deferrals. States like Haryana offer a freeze on power tariff for 5 years, while Gujarat offers exemption from electric duty. Strict law & order conditions and semipolitical will of the leader of any state enhance theconfidence of people living in the states as well as corporate to invest in that particular state. The total Government levies and taxes , which include Royalty on Limestone, Royalty on Coal,Electricity Duty, VAT/Sales Tax etc.,on cement constitute about 60% or more of the exfactoryprice of cement.Political Environment for Ambuja CementsIts political environmental is totally different from others because they never put any kind of political pressure on any other whether it is against or in favor for them. They always try to follow the proper rules and regulations that are made by the central government. But still they have to change their strategies as per change in the political environment. This policy applies solely to the Company and is not intended to discourage or prevent individual managing director or Employee from making political contributions or engaging in political activities on their own behalf. No personal political contribution is reimbursed by the Company. No personal political activities should interfere with duties to be discharged with the Company in line with this Code of Conduct.LEGAL ENVIRONMENT Ambuja cements is most recognized unit in India and they always they are following proper rules and regulations that are made by central government and also follows that are mentioned in the Companys ACT 1947 regarding Safety, Health and Social needs. They should Endeavour to keep abreast of the developments in laws and regulations and comply with the same. If any one gets to know of any non compliance of any of the laws in his or her colleagues area of operation in the company the same is brought to his/her immediate notice as well to the notice of his/her Head of the Department. All Directors and Employees of the Company conduct business affairs with honesty and integrity and in full compliance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations and shall not commit any illegal or unethical act or instruct others to do so, for any reason.Technological Factors affecting the CementIndustry From mining to production the entire process depends on applied science. The Government of India plans to study and possibly acquire new technologies from the cement industry of Japan. The government is discussing technology transfer in the field of energy conservation and environment protection to help improve efficiency of the Indian cement industry. At present 93% of the total capacity in the industry is based on modern and environment-friendly prohibitionist process technology. There is tremendous scope for waste heat recovery in cement plants and thereby reduction in emission level. One project for co-generation of power utilizing waste heat in an Indian cement plant is being implemented with Japanese assistance under Green Aid Plan. The generality of advanced technology has helped the industry immensely to conserve energy and fuel and to save materials substantially. Also, some cement plants have set up dedicated jetties for promoting lot transportation and export.Technological environment for AmbujaCements Ltd. It is one of the most important factor as compared toothers. In this particular we are going to discuss thatwhat type of technology they are using and how muchbeneficial for them as well as for the people who areusing this particular product. Ambuja cements in dustry is having good qualitymachines to switch their products and also they are usinglatest technology machines. And their technology is veryeffective that is implemented and they also implantedmodern technology like fund Control system etcINTERNATIONAL Factors affecting CementIndustry With the rapid growth rate of the Indian economy after the 1990s, the infrastructural developments within the country has been tremendous. The increase in the construction activities has led to the increase in the demand for updated quality building materials and other allied products. Cement being one of the major elements in the construction work, there is a growth in the cement industry in India. The consumption of cement has increased in India by nearly 7.5%. With the globalization of Indian cement industry many foreign cement manufacturers are engaging themselves in agreements and deals with their India counter parts to have a share of the growth. pear-shaped cement players in India will use the science route to enhance capacity and market share. It is clear that smaller plants will not survive in the long term. The top five players will hold 70-80 % of capacities and market in the next decade. There is an expectation that more global players would come into India as they would like to get a foothold in the market as the demand will propel in the emerging economies. Acquisition appears a good route primarily because a Greenfield cement plant takes 3-4 years to build and another 3-4 years to break even at an operating level of even 70-75 %. E.g.- The acquisition of the Larsen & Toubro cement (ULTRATECH CEMENT LIMITED) business by Grasim Industries Limited in 2003-04 is a case in point.

Famous Sociologists Essay

1. Emile DurkheimEmile Durkheim is knows as the father of sociology and is a founding figure in the field of sociology. He is credited with making sociology a science. One of his most famous pieces of work includes Suicide A Study In Sociology.2. Robert K. MertonRobert K. Merton is considered one of the Statess most influential genial scientists. He is famous for his theories of deviance as well as for developing the concepts of self-fulfilling prophecy and role model.3. Max weberMax Weber was a founding figure of the field of sociology and is considered one of the most famous sociologists in history. He is known for his thesis of the Protestant ethic as well as his ideas on bureaucracy.4. Karl MarxKarl Marx is one of the most famous figures in the founding of sociology. He is known for his socio-political theory of Marxism, which contain theories about society, political economy and politics that argue that all society progresses through the dialectic of class struggle. He wrote a bout these issues in his most famous piece or work, The communistic Manifesto. Marx has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history, and in a 1999 BBC poll was voted the thinker of the millennium by people from near the world.5. Charles Horton CooleyCharles Horton Cooley is best known for his theories of The Looking Glass Self in which he declared that our self-concepts and identities are a reflection of how other people perceive us. He is also famous for developing the concepts of primary and secondary relationships. He was a founding member and eighth president of the American Sociological Association.6. George Herbert MeadGeorge Herbert Mead is well-know for his theory of the social self, which is based on the central argument that the self is a social emergent. He pioneered the development of symbolic interaction perspective and developed the concept of the I and Me. He is also one of the founders of social psychology.7. C. Wright MillsC. Wright Mill s is known for his controversial critiques of both contemporary society and sociological practice, particularly in his confine The Sociological Imagination (1959). He also studied power and class in the United States, as displayed in his book The Power Elite (1956).8. Erving GoffmanErving Goffman is a significant thinker in the field of sociology and in particular the symbolic interaction perspective. He is known for his writings on the dramaturgical perspective and pioneered the think of face-to-face interaction. He served as the 73rd President of the American Sociological Association and is listed as the 6th most-cited intellectual in the humanities and social sciences by The propagation Higher Education Guide.9. Pierre BourdieuPierre Bourdieu was a French sociologist and philosopher who contributed a great deal in the areas of general sociological theory and the link amid education and culture. He pioneering terminologies such as habitus and symbolic violence and is known for his work titled Distinction A Social Critique of the thought of Taste.10. Auguste ComteAugust Comte is known as the founder of positivism and is credited with coininging the term sociology. Comte helped shape and expand the field of sociology and placed a great deal of speech pattern in his work on systematic observation and social order.

Good and Evil in Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm Essay

Good and evil themes, in some form, exist in practically every piece of literature ever written. It is found in literature as old as the Bible to newer stories such as The Hunger Games. It is no surprise to find this same theme in Lord of the move by William Golding and physical Farm by George Orwell. Golding and Orwell explore good and evil to show what effect morality, or the lack on that pointof, has on order. Both Golding and Orwell believe done their own past experiences that evil corrupts people.To portray this, Orwell and Golding use similar ideas with their characters and plot to show how fragile the idea of civilization is for us all. In Lord of the locomote and sentient being Farm, the theme of evil is obvious through disclose the development of the characters. In Lord of the move, the primary character, Jack, is truly evil. Jack is a brutal boy and he performs m all violent acts during his quest for power. The best example of this is when Jack encourages his tribe to participate in the slaughtering of the angelic Simon (Golding, 140).While the tribe is having a wild, demonic ceremony, Simon crawls out of the woods disorientated after suffering a seizure. Mistaking Simon for the beast, the crazed tribe, including Ralph, brutally rips Simon apart with their bare hands and teeth. Simon falls off of the cliff and onto the beach below, where his automobile trunk washes out to sea. In comparison, evil is also prominent in the story Animal Farm. The character cat sleep is the essence of evil in Animal Farm. He is the very manipulative and dictator-like leader of the farm.He performs many unspeakable acts against his fellow animals, such as taking the draw and apples for himself (Orwell, 24). After taking all of the milk and apples, forty winks gets Squealer, a pig that he uses for propaganda purposes, to explain his reason for taking the milk and apples from them. Squealer states that Napoleon needs to take the milk and apples from the animals so that Napoleon has strong brain power. Squealer continues to explain that Napoleon needs to have good brain power because the whole management and organisation of the farm dep block ups on Napoleon (Orwell, 32).Squealer then elaborates even more and says to the animals that it is for YOUR sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples Jones would come back (Orwell, 32). These reasons are not true, as Napoleon serious wants the milk and apples because he finds them tasty and not because he needs them to manage the farm. Meanwhile, the other farm animals are left to go hungry. In an potent display of pure evil, Orwell and Golding are able to use Napoleon and Jack as villainous characters in an effort to show what happens to someone with no morals.In contrast, themes of goodness are harder to find, yet evident in the characterization of Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm. In Lord of the Flies, Simon is the epitome of morality. For example, he appears Christ-like as he helps the more vulnerable children of the tribe that the older boys call the Littluns. Simon helps the Littluns by performing tasks that they cannot do, such as picking choice fruit from branches they cannot reach (Golding, 50). In comparison, Animal Farm also has characters that reflect merit. Specifically, Boxer is one character that shows his goodness through his actions.For example, in the Battle of the Cowshed, he sees his fellow animals being injured, so he stops the fighting by kicking a stable-lad in the head. As a result of Boxers actions, the humans flee (Orwell, 36). Although Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm are both predominately full of evil themes, Golding and Orwell use themes of goodness in the characterization to give the reader hope that good just may prevail. Besides the themes of evil found in characterization, there are also the themes of evil in the plot elements of Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm.Towards the end of Lord of the Flies, Simon is murdered by the rest of the boys (Golding, 142). Simons death is specifically the menses when the evil in the story triumphs over good . Up until the point of Simons death, Ralph and Simon are the only characters who subdued have good left in them. Since Ralph participates in Simons murder, all of the good that exists in Ralph is gone and the hold out of civilization dies with Simon. A similar evil is present in Animal Farm when Napoleon tortures and executes traitors of the farm. The animals that are accused of treason are tortured until they convey to their crime.Once they confess, they are executed (Orwell, 69). Most of the time, these animals are not even guilty. The animals live in a constant fear they do not have intercourse when or if they will be accused of treason and then executed. By using themes of evil, both Golding and Orwell show that a lack of morality in society may eventually result in the collapse of civilization. In the same way, themes of good appear in the plot elements of Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm. Specifically, there is a time when Jack refuses to give Piggy any meat. Simon gives Piggy his share because he believes that it is unfair that Jack did not give Piggy any meat.When Simon does not give Jack the satisfaction of eating his meat, Jack then gets extremely angry with Simon and throws meat at Simons feet yelling Eat, Damn you (Golding, 68). Simon still refuses to eat the meat. By his actions, Simon shows that even though they were living in uncivilized times, they could still remain kind to each other. Just like Lord of the Flies, Animal Farm also has themes of goodness in its plot elements. In particular, Old study creates a spirit of kindness and enthusiasm at the farm during his illustrious speech. He uplifts the animals by singing them a song entitled Beasts of England.The song is about animals breaking free from human control and living independently. Old Major continues to show his concern for his fellow animals when he says in his sp eech that all animals are equal (Orwell, 11). As a result of Orwell and Golding using goodness in the plot elements of Animal Farm and Lord of the Flies, they are able to illustrate their point that one can choose to be kind, no matter their surroundings. with characterization and plot elements, Golding and Orwell use good and evil in Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm to express their fearful feelings for society.They believe that if society loses their bring up of purity and goodness then society will collapse. In other words, Golding and Orwells message to the reader is that it is human nature to sin and perform evil, and if society is not careful, it will eventually lead to the demise of civilization. Works Cited Orwell, George. Animal Farm. New York Harcourt, Brace, 1954. (11, 24, 32, 36, 69). Print. Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. New York Coward-McCann, 1962. (50, 68, 140, 142). Print. View as multi-pages

Zappos-Amazon Acquisition

amazons Acquisition of Zappos Acquisition regarding amazon and Zappos Companies that want to be among the elite competitors in their p maneuvericular field earn to be suitable to adapt and evolve in an al expressive styles changing market place. In order to do so many macroscopic companies initiate mergers or acquirements with smaller or similarly sized companies. They believe they can leverage and collaborate with separately former(a) in order to shit more political party value.The main difference between a merger and an eruditeness is a merger is a situation in which two trustworthys take for to unite as one unmarried alliance rather than remain two separately operating firms owned by one company. The firms atomic number 18 usually the same size, and both companies stocks are surrendered creating unfermentedfangled company stock issued in its place. An acquisition is when one company completely buys out the selling companies stock and makes itself the new owner of the company. Legally the selling company still exists as an independent legal entity, but overall control is in the hands of the parent company.In July 2009 chief executive officer of Zappos, Tony Hsieht made the announcement of amazons acquiring of Zappos. In a lengthy e-mail Tony eloquently explains the emerging of Zappos and what will take place in the near future at Zappos. Throughout viragos reign as online shopping powerhouse, they have been consistent in one of the closely classical aspects elevateing and developing as a long- enclosure contender in the online shopping world. Amazon has adapted and involved in the always changing markets by expanding market share with acquisitions.In 1998 Amazon expanded itself into new markets with three line acquisitions. Two of the acquired companies, Bookpages and Telebook, were bought to expand Amazons market share into europium and the third acquisition, The Inter bread Movie Database (IMD), was bought to expand Amazon into a n ew developing market of online video sales. Amazon has always stressed client table service and customer ease as a main objective throughout their development. Zappos is a company k in a flashn to be a customer service company since its inception.In fact, Tony Hsieh stated in a Harvard line of descent review article that he does not think of Zappos as a shoe company, but rather a customer service company. On the surface this acquisition seemed like a good fit for both parties, but the reality of high failure pass judgment of acquisitions signifies there are many things to think about when considering acquiring a company. Our team will give a brief psychoanalysis on pre-acquisition bodily process within both companies, analysis of the acquisition itself, and give an overview of the success or failure of the acquisition.The key aspects to consider in this acquisition are as follows the unprejudicedst and most down the stairsestimated factor is what are the specific terminuss o f each company in regards to a possible acquisition, can the two separate companies effectively leverage each others strengths to create a greater company value, and do these two companies align with one another in order to carry out their objectives and larn long-term. A History Of Zappos Zappos is an online selling shoe company founded in 1999 by Nick Swinmurn, Alfred Lin, and Tony Hsieh.The companys key concept is that they are in the customer service business, not a shoe company. Customer service is Zappos main asset. They do everything a little bit differently than any other company. Tony Hsieh encourages company culture which is the core of the company allowing them to be so successful. Before the acquisition, Zappos CEO Tony Hsieh had to make sure that the company will remain unchanged. Many slew thought it would be end of Zappos and their culture by and by Amazon bought them. Amazon took over Zappos, but allowed them to cannonball along separately, keeping their company name and culture.Zapposs goal for the future is to deliver happiness to their customers and acquisition by Amazon allowing them to leverage each others strengths. Now with the merger Zappos has much part cash break away than before. Now they can refund peoples credit cards much hot than they could before and improve their customer service even more. With the acquisition they also gained lot of experience from senior staff of Amazon and vice versa. Prior to the acquisition, Zappos had to discuss their independence with Amazon.Zappos tried to stay unchanged by the acquisition as much as possible while keeping all the benefits from the acquisition as long as they could. Zappos had big plans before the acquisition, and now with Amazon they are still focusing on their goals, but with resources from Amazon they can achieve them much faster. Zappos net sales in the first quarter of 2010 were nigh 50% higher than the same quarter of the previous year. To ensure Zappos can grow at this fast pace they had to hire the right people. Zapposs way to make sure that their employees really want to work at the firm is quite nontraditional.After few weeks of training they offer their trainees money to leave. This price constantly raises and after the acquisition it was at $3000 not to take the job. Zappos didnt change immediately after the acquisition, but now few years later we see whatsoever changes happening, but Zappos still keeps their culture untouched. The biggest change that happened in Zappos was handing over their Kentucky warehouse to Amazon. Tony Hsieh explained it as necessary trend due to legal obligations. Zappos employees in Kentucky had to be transform under Amazon with all their benefits changing.Usually during acquisition many people will get laid off due to efficiency for both firms. Zappos has actually large(p) since the acquisition and no one lost their job as a result of it. It was a risky move for Tony Hsieh, because in one interview he admitted t hat Amazon can technically sell Zappos at any time. Some of their agreement whole works on mutual trust and so far it works for both Amazon and Zappos. A History of Amazon Amazon. com Inc. sells just about everything, and lots of it. What drives Amazon is the desire to enhance the consumer experience, whether its shipping or product handiness or price.Over the past decade, Amazon has moved from strictly retail to both selling goods and then executing the orders, for itself and for third parties. Amazon, as much as people like to think of it as an e-commerce provider, is becoming a direct-to-consumer fulfillment company. How did Amazon become so successful so quickly? Strategy Investing in the right plans at the right time and staying the course. Amazon embraced what is known as a design school model of strategy development. Despite the title, the model is simple to understand and can be highly effective.It is the one used most by professors and consulting faces. Organizations oft en struggle in finding a compelling combative mooring. Successful organization can begin to drift away and total fail at what it takes to be successful. This tool can begin to dish an organization get into the game. The design school model calls for both external and internal appraisals. An external appraisal armed services an organization to understand threats and opportunities that are out there in the market. The internal assessment helps the organization to understand its strengths and weaknesses. The Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities andThreats (SWOT) tool is one that most people are familiar with and stems from the design school model. Amazon conducted the external analysis using the following analysis frameworks PESTEL Analysis, Industry and Competitor Analysis, Competitor Analysis, Global Internet Trends and GE Matrix. The PESTEL framework helped Amazon to identify trends that could impact them in 6 key areas (P) Political factors areas to focus on include political direction, taxes, trade restrictions. (E) Economic factors includes GDP, inflation, interest rates, give-and-take rates and other macro and micro sparing factors. S) Social factors includes social trends, population proceeds rate, age distribution, career expectations, etc. (T) Technology factors includes equipment, information technology, RD. (E) Environmental factors Includes weather and climate. (L) Legal factors include health, safety, employment, discrimination, consumer and fair laws. Political, economic, social, technological progress indicates an increasing and attractive market? to be exploited by Amazon. com. The external appraisal includes Amazon looking at its competitive position to determine opportunities and risks and where it should focus.To do this, they used Porters 5-force tool that helped them to understand the strengths and weakness of its competitive position, and where they might consider moving forward. The competitive rivalry amongst the e-retailing co nstancy is intense. From some of the largest to the smallest companies, dotcom businesses are abundant, making? competition intense. Amazon. com competes directly with big firms such as Barnes and? Noble and Ebay. In simplest terms, the model looks assumes there are five fundamental forces that determine competitive power. Amazon has hundreds of competitors.The challenge is what ones to focus on. They focused on large-scale Internet retailers that offer a broad range of products. This exercise helped Amazon to better understand who their competition is. Ebay and Wal-Mart are examples. Global Internet Trends The Internet is Amazons key channel. The 20 top countries in Internet usage, and grow patterns were identified. A GE Matrix has been used to identify the attractiveness and competitive position of the? markets that Amazon. com operates in. GE Matrix This is a matrix used to screen portfolios of business units.Both the attractiveness of the industry and the strength of each busin ess unit within the industry are plotted. Industry attractiveness is determined by the following factors return rate, Size, Demand, Competition, Profitability and Global opportunities. Business unit strength is determined by Market share, Market share growth, Brand, Distribution channels, Production capacity and Profit circumference comparisons. Knowing, constructing, and fully leveraging strengths in the best manner possible is an important key to creating long-term competitive advantage.Amazon is a great, leading-edge company that has successfully developed and enforced compelling strategies that we can learn from. Most large organizations conduct strategic planning, but in many cases real strategy and planning are missing. quite too many strategic planning exercises are nothing more than budget positioning exercises. Not so with Amazon. Amazon has developed common disposition as an organization. Becoming clear as to what will provide you a competitive advantage is paramount. We chase after the hot new industries where the risk is highest. The key is to sustained focus on smart strategies.There are three simple tools that Amazon focuses on as part of its internal appraisal process. They include hold dear Chain, Resources Based View and Financial Analysis. Amazon developed a value chain of itself to internal it can operationally best add value and keep abreast a competitive advantage. The value chain analysis undertaken examines the operational effectiveness of activities that? enable Amazon. com to perform better than its competitors i. e. the distinctive value chain activities that are demanding to imitate. This analysis focuses on value creation and transaction cost economies where Amazon. om? configures its value chain activities to create unique value for customers, void its costs of? carrying out these activities and reduce the cost of its customers transactions. Some of Amazons competitive advantages from a value chain perspective include Stro ng technological infrastructure with a single platform, High garbments in technology development (e. g. , Kindle) to best leverage digital products, Great product forecasting system, Print on demand, Constantly soliciting suggestions on new products, Easy and fast payment system, 24 hour operations and Free returns within 30 old age.The resource based view helps an organization to determine where to invest in critical resources to have a competitive advantage. The more valuable and rare the right resources are in the right places, the more likely the firm may have a long-term advantage over its competition. A firm utilizes its resources and capabilities to create a competitive advantage. The organizations resources and capabilities combined unneurotic constitute its distinctive competencies. Amazon successfully identified the right resources and developed its capabilities in key target areas.These investments resulted in Sophisticated online retailing technologies, Personalization features for customers on its websites, authoritative and easily scalable IT systems all one platform, New products (100 different products in seven major geographic markets), Top customer relationship system, State of the art warehousing, New products (100 different products in seven major geographic markets). Gearing, Debt and Capital Structure Amazons investments are paying off. Their net sales affect to grow, their cost of goods decreases as a % of sales and their net income continues to increase.And, they continue to invest in initiatives that provide them a longer-term competitive advantage. Goals The acquisition of Zappos by Amazon is equally beneficial in the long run for the two companies. Zappos goals after the acquisition are mainly focused on its own growth internally and externally. As their own independent firm they want to pursue their vision of delivering happiness to customers, employees, and vendors and now they will be able to get their much faster.Amazon has the capacity to help them grow at a pace they would not be able to by themselves. Zappos is going to remain its own independent entity and it will be run by the same owners the way they see fit. This is beneficial because one of Zappos best qualities is its unique culture and brand. Financially, Zappos wanted a shareholder and partner that thinks long term and will also do what is best for their existing shareholders. Amazons goals for Zappos are very similar to what Zappos themselves want. They like Zappos because they have a lot of growth potential.Zappos is very popular, however they are not as large nor do they have the capacity for shipping, storage, or personnel that Amazon does and they want to leverage their capabilities to help Zappos grow. Amazon wants to leverage the intangible assets that Zappos possesses the people and the culture of the company. The Culture of Zappos is one of its best qualities that no other company can easily replicate on the job(p) together the com panies can share and learn from one another to improve the workplace culture in both companies.Customer service is what Zappos hangs its hat on and Amazon can learn from them about their policies and even help them to provide better service. Metrics It will take some time for Amazon and Zappos to be able to measure the effectiveness of the acquisition mainly because both firms emphasize the long term. The main focus for both sides is to grow the Zappos brand and their effectiveness in their goal to help customers. Zappos should see increased sales, more efficient distribution, and faster response times when customers have issues. Methods Aligning the two companies and leveraging each companys strengths to better each other.Amazon has resources, technology, and operational experience that Zappos does not. Zappos can leverage all of these to make their own operations faster and more efficient by speech people in from Amazon and learning from them. Amazons improved technology will help Zappos fill orders faster and improve logistics. Zappos has a very large distribution center in Kentucky fairly close to the UPS shipping hub. Amazon now has a very important strategic advantage with access. They can now move product faster and easier making their own distribution faster and less expensive.Post- Acquisition Turnout On Wednesday, July 22nd, 2009, Tony Hsieh, the CEO of Zappos. com, emailed all of his employees to share the great news show of their acquisition with Amazon. His board approved and signed a definitive agreement, in which all of the existing shareholders and investors of Zappos will be exchanging their Zappos stock for Amazon stock. After the exchange took place, Amazon became the sole shareholder of Zappos stock. Post-acquisition, Zappos continued to run their operations the same, doing what they believe is best for their brand, their culture, and their business.By leveraging each others strengths, Zappos reached their vision even fasterdelivering happ iness to customers, employees, and vendors. By merging with Amazon, Zappos was able to accelerate the growth of their brand and culture. Amazon supports Zappos in continuing to grow their vision as an independent entity, under the Zappos brand with their unique culture. Hsieh also aligned his company with a shareholder and partner that think long term, just like Zappos. Zappos continued to run as an independent entity. In legal terminology, they became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Amazon.Therefore, all of their jobs were as secure as they were pre-acquisition. The Zappos brand continued to be separate from the Amazon brand. Although they now have access to many of Amazons resources, they continued to build their brand and their culture just as they always have. Zappos has continued to grow their home base out of Las Vegas, attracting the right talent for each of their departments. After acquiring Zappos, Amazon has seen more profitability, more market share, greater growth and reve nue, and most importantly, a better brand image.By encompassing the unique customer service aspect of Zappos, Amazon has become one of, if not the biggest, online company. Amazon has seen substantial growth in net revenue since acquiring Zappos in 2009. Online business is a growing industrythe percentage of households with at least one computer has gone up from 64% in 2004 to 87% present day. In 2009, Amazons revenue was $24. 5 billion. This past year, they finished with total revenue of $61. 09 billion. In 2009, Amazons cost of goods sold was $18. 97 billion. This past year, it has grown to $45. 97 billion, a growth of $27 billion in just three years.In 2009, before the acquisition of Zappos, Amazons gross profit was $5. 5 billion. Three years later, it has escalated to a staggering $15. 1 billion. Although debt as a percent of total jacket increased at Amazon. com Inc. over the last fiscal year to 34. 87%, it is still in-line with the Internet and Catalog Retail industrys norm. A dditionally, even though there are not enough liquid assets to satisfy current obligations, operating profits are more than adequate to service the debt. Accounts Receivable is typical for the industry, with 17. 78 days worth of sales outstanding.Last, inventory levels, relative to its Cost of Goods Sold, are typical for the industry and have shown a consistent decrease during the last 4 years. This implies that management is becoming more efficient. Amazons acquisition of Zappos was clearly a smart move on both ends. Zappos and its employees were compensated fairly, and Amazon has seen a unbendable increase on the balance sheet and income statement. There is no limit to Amazons potential, now that they have acquired the amazing and unique company that is Zappos. law of closure Remarks It is clear from our analysis that Amazons acquisition of Zappos is a good fit for both parties.Each companys goals of the acquisition were made clear through pre-acquisition negotiations. Zappos w anted to expand their operations through the use of Amazons large market share and also be able to use Amazons large array of assets to create a better costumer experience. Amazon wanted to learn the intangible and effective costumer service methods that have proven to be Zappos competitive edge. So far, each company has been able to effectively leverage each others strengths to achieve their goals. Furthermore, these companies align with each other in moving forward to achieve long-term growth.

Decision Making in DHL

Introduction DHL commits its expertise in international express, air and ocean freight, road and rail transportation, contr symbolize logistics and international mail emoluments to its customers. A global network composed of more than 220 countries and territories and about 275,000 employees worldwide offers customers superior service quality and local knowledge to satisfy their supply chain requirements. DHL accepts its social responsibility by supporting climate protection, disaster management and education. DHL is part ofDeutsche noteDHL.The Group generated revenue of more than 53 billion euros in 2011. I will be discussing DHL from many aspects much(prenominal) as decision making and its marrow on the transcriptional performance from the purview of Cyert & March and comp ar it to Bursson theory. Also I will cover Zimmermen theory about rules and apply it to DHL case study. in the long run I will examine the macro instruction environment of DHL organization. Body DHL was the global market leader in international express shipping, overland transport, and air freight, as well as ocean freight and contract logistics.As of April 2011, its network covered more than 220 countries and territories worldwide in 120,000 destinations. It had many awards to its credit (Refer to Exhibit I for the dilate of awards won by DHL). According to Ken Allen, CEO, Express Division, DHL, The express sector is one of the major drivers of global trade and we are excellently positioned to capitalize on this through our services which meet our customers domestic and international transport requirements, anywhere around the world. Formal organization has its own specific function or functions.A university for causa has the main function of promoting education. But it similarly promotes artistic, literary, athletic and other takes of the members. The principal function of the church is religion only it also promotes charitable, ethical, athelitic, recreational, educationa l and other activities. olibanum the formal organization may acquit its latent as well as manifest functions. The formal organization has its own norms or rules of social behavior. accepted conducts are appropriate in certain organization. Formal organization lays down procedure to be followed by the members.Members of an organization have different stat expenditures. Stat subprograms imply course of labor. The division of labor is characterized of all organizations and in a sense organization is synonymous with the division of labor. Organized actions in a formal organization are possible because of division of labor. Bureaucracy refers to the administrative aspect of the formal organization. It refers to the arrangement of the organization designed to carry out its day to day business. It is represented by a hierarchy of officials who are assigned different responsibilities and provided with different statuses and roles.The formal organization is based on rationality. The rati onality of formal organizations has two sources- the predominance of rules that have been devised to help achieve definite results and the systematic reliance on knowledge in the operation of the organization. The formal organizations are relatively permanent. Some organizations last for monthlong time while others perish within a short period of time. According to Zimmerman he illustrates the inadequacy of the rational decision making approach.He shows that members of an organization are far from adhering to the rules and procedures that should inform their decision making they instead use & fancy these rules in e actuallyday work in creative & corrective ways. He wants to understand how organizational members actually make sense of & understand what these rules mean in practice. Studies assumes and accept the existence of clear rational , objective rules of decision making hardly are contrasted with actual practice. Zimmerman objects this view he offers how these rules become alive how formal plans are used by members to deal with every day work activities.He analyses how employees use of formal rules is determined by their attempts to achieve their view of their priorities. Activities of bureaucratic actors in a public assistance organization will be examined. To Zimmerman, following fixed or complex procedures impedes effective action. The analysis is concerned with the judgmental work of receptionists in assigning applicants to intake case-workers. This study investigates the variety of practices, operational meaning and situational relevance of policies and procedures for everyday organizational activities.Rules, policies, formal planning Researchers argue that rules and policies are to some phase abstract and general, and should not be treated as idealizations. Rules cannot completely echo the changing organizational situations. Informal rules and policies usually develop, where personnel modify and redefine the rules in light of operating condi tions. The formal plan of the organization is used and construe by personnel in a way that best suits their everyday work activities. Usually, procedures and rules are designed to ensure efficient achievement of formally delimitate goals.However, it is not always practical to strictly follow the rules, because of the ever-changing output of the many interactions of individuals. People use and understand the rules in everyday work in creative and adaptive ways. The chapter wanted to understand how organizational members actually make sense of and understand what the rules mean in practice. Receptionists made sense of the rules in knowing ways, and made decisions about when and how to use them in light of their experience and knowledge of applicants and situations.The problem is then how the formal plan of an organization could be used by its members to deal with everyday work activities and of what are the features that members use to recognize and interpret. Instruct others, abou t the operational intent & behavioral implications of such a plan. The sense of bout provides employees with * A way to recognize the exceptional character of a given event. * The good grounds for suspending or otherwise modifying the rule as normally use Suspension or bending a rule is considered a reasonable solution to minor dilemma.The use of formally prescribed procedure, viewed from the notion of their competent use becomes. * Not a matter of compliance or deviance (behavior) * But a judgmental work providing for the reasonableness of viewing particular action as essentially satisfying the provision of the rule Rules are not hard and fast social facts but are the result of continual interpretation and talks which produces an ever shifting framework to be taken. Rules may be negotiated and changed and new rules also stand over and above organizational actors informing and shaping the frantic life of an organization.Rules are resources for action, but because contexts vary, they do not determine performance of individuals or their organization. Industry observers felt that like any other successful confederation, DHLs success could be attributed to some of the basic strategies it had adopted knowing the customers and solving their problems, expanding the business, and creating a win-win situation for all stakeholders. According to company officials, the opening of the new European hub at Leipzig/Halle in 2008 was an example of adhering to that old formula.While deciding on the location of this hub, not only did the DHL authorities focus on optimally locating its facilities, but they also planned for the companys long-term future. DHL was also faced with having to train large numbers of new personnel. In three years time, 2,000 employees were pendant for their respective tasks at the hub. DHL estimated 2,000 employees were working at the hub in September 2008. Their number is expected to rise to approximately 3,500 by 2012. Nearly 90% of the newly bu sy workers come from the region around the airport.Two-thirds of them were foregoingly unemployed. Some 7,000 more jobs will likely be created in the surrounding area, bringing the total number of civilise and indirect new jobs around the Leipzig/Halle hub to approximately 10,000. In addition, DHL is training young people in the various logistics and IT professions at the airfreight hub. With all the mentioned above DHL is a company who follows and respect the rules and that to succeeds and maintain success. With all the complexity in DHL as a formal organization, decision making cant be that easy as well.The political perspective is clearly identified by Cyert, March Miller , where they identified theories of decision making that are concerned with politics (Coalition aspect) fulfiles (Problemistic search) where an activity is only initiated by an warm problem rather than an orderly systematic process of search and analysis. ( as for Pettigrew). Here, Pettigrew view organiza tions and decision making as a political arena in which Political behavior follows the unequal distribution of resources the creation of specialized loyalties and perspectives thru organizational differentiation.Organizational units with different or conflicting interest, loyalties and mind togs struggle for advantage with obvious implications for the nature and return of decision making. Political activity is central to organizational social organisations and processes divisions of interest result from the hierarchical nature of power. Power relations politics originate in the structure processes of the organization. Structures create specialisms which develop loyalties which in turn breeds politics. The heart of conflict, politics & co-operation is Power.Cyert and March propose two major organizing devices a set of variable concepts and a set of relational concepts. They claim that opening performs two major functions * it is an exhaustive set of general concepts. * it has a set of relational concepts The exhaustive set of general concepts, the process of decision making can be analyzing in term of variables that effect organization goals, expectations and the variables that effect organizational choice. Organization goals A theory of organizational goals considers how goals hold up in an organization, how goals change over time, and how the organization attends to these goals.There are two sets of variables affecting the goals of an organization. As the international express business had been growing steadily over the previous few years and assuming that it would continue to expand in the future as well, the Leipzig/Halle site had developed the potential to become a crucial pairing for the express and logistics specialists. At the same time, DHL considered an additional start and landing capacity in Central Europe to be necessary, as the companys live European hub in Brussels had reached its threshold limit.The organization visions of labor becaus e individuals have limited capacities, and limited time, to devote to any particular aspect of the organizational system, such limitations constrain the negociate process. As an adaptive response, coalition members are motivated to develop mutual control systems, such as the budget and the allocation of tasks by the division of labor and specialization. Set variables deviate the aspiration- take on any particular goal dimension. There are three variables the organization noncurrent goal, the organizations past performance, the past performance of other comparable organization.Organization expectations Expectations are seen as the result of drawing inferences from available information. Expectations are by no means independent of hopes, wishes, and the internal bargaining needs of subunits in the organization. Therefore a good theory for the organizational expectations should consider variables that affect either the process of drawing inferences or the process by which informatio n is made available to the organization. Organization choice A theory of organizational choice needs to characterize the process by which the alternatives available to the organization are ordered and selected.Organizational decisions depend on information estimates and expectations that ordinarily differ appreciably from reality. Choice takes place in response or influence. DHL considered an additional starting and landing capacity in Central Europe to be necessary, as the companys existing European hub in Brussels had reached its threshold limit. Theory as set relational concepts, there are four fundamental concept to understanding of the decision-making process in a modern, large-scale business organization.The quasi(prenominal) resolution of conflict uncertainty avoidance problematic search and organizational learning. After we went through decision making, Ill analyze DHL with PEST analysis to understand its macro environment. PEST analysisstands for Political,Economic, affable , andtechnical analysis and describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in theenvironmental scanning component ofstrategic management. Politicalfactors are how and to what degree agovernmentintervenes in the economy.Specifically, political factors include areas such astax policy,labor law,environmental law,trade restrictions,tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also include goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided (merit goods) and those that the government does not want to be provided (demerit goodsor merit bads). Furthermore, governments have great influence on thehealth,education, and infrastructureof a nation. In Leipzig/Halle, courier and express services are of vital importance to the efficiency and growth of the Leipzig/Halle economy.With Leipzig/Halle geographical position which is outdoor(a) from the centre of continental Europe, fast and effective delivery services are essential for Leipzig/Halle businesses i nvolved in international trade. Economicfactors includeeconomic growth,interest rates,exchange ratesand theinflation rate. These factors have major impacts on how businesses operate and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a firmscost of capitaland wherefore to what extent a business grows and expands. Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy.Advances in technology and the change magnitude use of e-commerce, combined with the courier and express sectors commitment to investing in IT, and have cushioned the industry from the worst effects of the recent global slowdown. Socialfactors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in social factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company operates. For example, an aging population may imply a smaller and less-willing workforce ( thus increasing the cost of labor).Furthermore, companies may change various management strategies to adapt to these social trends. In DHL a raft of government measures to tackle environmental pollution and congestion have increased costs for the, largely road-based, express logistics sector. Technologicalfactors include technological aspects such asR&Dactivity,automation, technology incentives and the rate oftechnological change. They can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influenceoutsourcingdecisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead toinnovation.DHL used satellite-based navigation systems. The company planned to improve the system by including and analyzing more information concerning term of traffic, traffic lights, and construction sites. Conclusion We conclude that DHL cant operate without rules, it should consider and fear competition as it should take its decisions rationally without complexity. That by applying the above theories and understand them very well as an organization. I will be summering chapter 6 The Irrationality of Action and Action Rationality of lasts, Ideologies and Organizations.A decision is a choice between at least 2 alternatives. Decision making was explained by economists, political researchers as well as, psychologists and sociologists. Some individuals decide and others carry out the decisions. Researchers elaborated in the educational activity of rationality while other evidence shows that the process does not comply with rationality specially in strategic major issues. People are not clever enough to behave rationally. Therefore decision makers should be carefully selected. Irrationality is inherited in human beings which cannot be changed by training.Decision makers dont have enough information on the many variables involved. Therefore, information systems may help to improve the process beside caring about objectives and alternative comparison. An ac tion perspective to explain the process is more acceptable. Since leaders dont only take decisions but also act and induce others to act on them. Since managers act while making decisions rationality of decisions take in consideration practical internal and external norms. Irrationality as a base of organizational actions 1. inquiring for alternatives. 2. Estimating Consequences 3. Evaluating Alternatives . Choosing 5. Making Rational Use of Irrationality Rational decisions create irrational procedures from an action point of view. They should be avoided in order for an action to be taken. References * Salaman, G. (2002) Decision Making for Business, London, The Open University/The Alden Press, Oxford. * Salaman, G. (2001) Business Behaviour in a Changing World Module One Study Guide, London, The Open University. * http//www. dhl. com. kw/en/about_us. hypertext mark-up language * http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/PEST_analysis * http//www. sociologyguide. com/organization-and-individu al/formal-organizations. php

Poor Communication in Workplace Essay

This project evaluates the problem of conference in organizations. It is based on my experience in jejuneness Health Partnership Organization. This organization works to ameliorate health infrastructure in order to enhance health outcomes in communities. Communication is key to success of whatever organization. It determines whether an organization wills succeed in its tutelage or non. In spite of a lot of effort put to improve intercourse, some factors still affect and hinder effective communication.In Youth Health Partnership Organization, there existed differences between the effectiveness of employers message and what employees interpret it. The wariness normally assume that that the way they communicate is received and interpreted well by employees. However, this is not always the case. RopeASW conducted a survey in 2009 where they found out that 55% of managers who responded to the survey assume they communicate well with workers. 65% of employees said that their senio rs do not communicate well (Z armba, 2010).In my study I found out that lack of credibility increases the communication gap between employers and employees. Many employees do not believe what they are told by management. This study shows that employees with longer tenure are less likely to belief their superiors than raw(a) employees.This project will focus on all causes of communication problem. It will also give commendation in order to give bully solutions to eliminate this problem. It contains a conclusion at the end.Statement of Problem Communication is the most beta and basic activity of a company. In organizations, communication is becoming more knotty because of work activities and multi-cultural environment which is becoming complex at high rate. Availability of high transmission media also contribute to communication breakdown (Zaremba, 2010).Companies are postulate to focus more on communication so that they can effectively increase job satisfaction in work plac e. Lack of good communication leads to actions not completed. Management ends up being out of touch with the staff that it needfully to motivate so that the company can operate at sound potential. Poor communicate affects even the customer department making the company lose sales. It also makes organizations making miserable decisions which affect the progress of the company. The company ends up losing workers and m iodiny. Many researchers have researched widely on communication issues. However, there has been few studies in this area.The need for this project is to explore the effects of poor communication, causes and solutions to the problem. The proposal is important to companies as it will help them put in place communication networks. These networks give different perspectives of employees. It will also assist companies come on the morale of employees as well as increasing job satisfaction. These benefits will be derived from this study.Management Plan This section cont ains my qualification for carrying out project research. It also contains cost incurred. I already books and articles on communication, hence I used most of my time sifting through randomness, thinking for key results. The only cost I incurred was in printing and copying articles. I obtained all bloods of literary productions review from university library. My experience in Youth Health Partnership Organization helped me to assimilate proposed lit review. literary productions Review I started the project with the understanding that communication is the foundation of any organization. I discovered it is important to evaluate the solutions to communication problems. I reviewed relevant literature to support my study. I used literature related to communication others expressed the effect of communication on job satisfaction of employees. I other literature showed the perception of both masculine and female in the organization. Finally, I included literature that dealt with ways of improving communication. Zaremba(2010) argues that there exist differences in the way male and female employees perceive communication behaviors of their seniors. According to Zaremba (2010) managers leadership style, conflict management skills contribute to effectiveness of communication.Research Methodology In this research, different methods were used to move in information and data. Primary sources used were interviews and conversations. Journals were used as secondary sources.Variables I used formal communication, daily communication and communication mood as my variables. The lead variables were affected by mixed issues.Communication climate This is the atmosphere that is created by people who use listening skills, literal and non-verbal communication skills. It involves how communication takes place in an organization. The environment in which communication is taking place determines if communication will take place or not. Communication climate is affected by various factors and one of them is credibility (Klyuknanov, 2013). Credibility involves the qualification of the sources of information. It also involves the consistency with which knowledge is applied and the overall reliability.Credibility starts from the top level management and it trickles down to the shopping mall level managers up to operational level. If workers believe that that their seniors lack credibility this contribute to poor and closed communication climate. The second factor that influences communication climate is trust. want is a firm reliance on the ability, integrity and character of a person. Whenever employees lack trust in their manager, communication is hindered. This is because lack of trust brings suspicion (Zaremba, 2010). desolation also affects communication climate. Openness is said to be a free expression of ones opinion and true liveings. It also refers to the ability to receive new ideas, relationships and new experiences. If people are not read y to express their ideas and opinions, then effective communication does not take place. Information cannot be shared where people idolize retaliation or being betrayed (Rayundu, 2010).. Another factor the impacts on communication climate is existence of rumors. Poor communication is caused by exaggerated rumors and vindictive ones. At the same time, when rumors are innocuous, good communication climate is enhanced. Rule of assertiveness is the last factor. Enforcement of rules may or may not affect communication. Strict rules endanger high performers. They also contribute to inflexibility.lump communication These are means of communication that are controlled by management. It involves sharing of ideas that support clear agendas where interaction of employees is structured. Formal communication can be in written or unwritten form. Written forms include newsletter, letter of congratulation, memos, and legal advisories. Non written forms include speech sound calls, meetings, in terviews and conferences. Problems arises when one caries communication outside the established channels. My research has revealed that if one tries to solve a problem in another persons area, it leaves people in that areas feeling alienated and taken for granted.Informal communication This is spontaneous and casual communication. It involves rumors, casual conversations and grapevines. Information is shared in socializing workers through conversation, text messages, telephone calls and electronic mails. Informal communication does not follow lines of authority. This can be misused to create an atmosphere of fear and suspicion (Rayundu, 2010).RecommendationsOpen communication climate The management should establish supportive environment where workers can pass information to their seniors without fearing and being certain that the management will accept is the way it is without whether bad or good, favorable or unfavorable. They should also establish participative environment. This is an environment where employees feel that whatever they have to say counts. Best ideas and suggestions that improve productivity comes from workers in assembly line. Employees in customer care department are acquainted with a lot of information that can spell doom to marketing effort.Employees share information with management when they feel that they are treated as participants who are legitimate in the company. The management should focus in reducing complex reporting procedure, harsh regulative policies, bureaucracy, and encumbering paper work because they discourage employees from participating actively. Actions should to be taken to encourage subordinates to participate actively. Managers, team leaders and supervisors moldiness learn to listen to grievances, suggestions, complains and respond accordingly. Supervisors must be ready to open up to criticism that is brought by participation of employees and be ready to correct their behaviors and explain them. Management s hould ensure that supervisors and employees collaborate in order to have an open communication climate.Trusting Environment Parties involved in sharing information must always tell the truth. This improves credibility of information communicated. Management should make sure they do not give contradicting information. For an organization to have good communication climate, it must ensure that information is true and the source can be trusted. This is because the belief in a person to be able to convey correct information is essential. Managers, team leaders and supervisors should lower their defenses in order to encourage sharing of information in an honest way such that truth is promoted. Appropriate action should be taken to follow communication intentions.Listening actively During communication process, participants should offer full attention. One should turn and lean forward towards the other party. Eye contact should also be keep during conversation. To enhance ones abil ity, non verbal signals should be incorporated. One should let his colleague know he or she is listening by nodding his head, happy and by making facial expressions. Arms should be kept folded and fists unclenched. During formal or informal communication, feedback should be given by paraphrasing the other persons ideas.Having knowledge Communication is always hindered whenever people of different cultures are involved in encompass culture communication. It requires that one understands the potential problem and work on overcoming them. Whenever one is not successful, he should make necessary adjustments in order to succeed in the next period. When different languages are involved, misunderstanding increases due to translation. the great unwashed need to bee aware that both verbal and non verbal communication has different meaning to different people. Cross cultural communication is hindered by verbal and non verbal communications because having different meaning.One should be f orgiving and patient with others when a problem arises. A hostile, forceful and aggressive employer leads to poor communication. One ought to progress slowly rather than quickly whenever different cultures are involved without assume that you already know. When one is in a heated conflict, he or she should stop and imply before he or she acts. Withdrawing gives a chance for one to reflect and think on the best course of action before acting. Having knowledge of cross cultural communication will help one to listen reflectively. One should also develop good behavior at the right place because what is considered as a good behavior may be a bad behavior in another culture. One can decide whether to stand when talking, look someone in the yes or not. Cultures have different ways of expressing emotions during communication. Sme people yell while others cry while angry. Others do not show any emotion. Overcoming these issues is only by being aware of the problemOne should also give a summ ary of what the other person is saying. I also recommend asking appropriate and effective questions. This may involve simple things such as asking question in order to clarify ideas or points that are not clear. One should also remain open minded. Focusing on ones goals, questions and problems hinders one from listening, absorbing and understanding the other person. Interruptions should be kept at negligible and the speaker should be given enough time to finish whatever he is saying.Win-win approach The management should use win-win approach in communication. When should concentrates on the needs and interest of speaker. One should not aim to gain victory or gain position over other people. In order to create good will among employees, win-win approach should be used because each person understands the needs of each other in this approach. In order to achieve this, employees should be encourage to have self disclosure. They need to be encouraged to open up to their colleagues. They should be taught to appreciate and accept themselves first in order to be in a position to share information with other employees. This provides feedback to his or her colleagues on how their behaviors affect him or her. At the same time, supervisors should have empathy. They should try to understand and feel what others goes through. They should learn to respond to what is said, retain distance and objectivity, understand feelings of others in the message and also understand the content of the message. This will ultimately lead to win-n situation that boost communication.Conclusion The focus of this proposal is to identify a problem in the work place and develop a solution to that issue. For this purpose, I identified poor communication as a major problem in workplace. I focused on three dimensions to communication. Communication climate can have a positive or negative effect on communication. It should be a supportive and participative climate. The second dimension is form al communication and the last one is informal communication. The recommendations I discussed in this proposal is for companies to maintain open communication climate, have a win-win approach to communication, create trusting environment. Participants should learn the skills of listening actively. This will not only improve communication but also increase job satisfaction.ReferencesKlyukanov, I. (2013). Digital humanities, scholarly communication and communication science. Modern communication studies, 2(1), 43-53.Rayudu, C. S. (2010). Communication (Rev. ed.). Mumbai India Himalaya Pub. House.Zaremba, A. J. (2010). organizational communication (3rd ed.). New York Oxford University Press.Carrire, J., & Bourque, C. (2009). The effects of organizational communication on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in a land ambulance service and the mediating habit of communication satisfaction. Career Development International, 14(1), 29-49.Ryabova, I. (2013). Communication compon ents of management and organizational culture of the company. Modern communication studies, 2(2), 13-40.Book, I. (2009). Communication. Chicago World Book, Inc..Source document